福建省人民政府关于调整林地使用费稳定国有林场和林业采育场经营区的通知
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福建省人民政府关于调整林地使用费稳定国有林场和林业采育场经营区的通知
福建省人民政府关于调整林地使用费稳定国有林场和林业采育场经营区的通知
闽政文[2005]50号
各市、县(区)人民政府,省直有关单位:
我省国有林场、国有林业采育场大多创建于上世纪50年代后期,在各级政府和林业主管部门的正确领导和林区广大群众的大力支持下,通过几代务林人的艰辛努力和科学经营,取得了令人瞩目的成绩,为我省的林业产业建设、社会经济发展和生态环境改善作出了重大贡献,在经济建设、生态安全、科技示范等方面发挥了重要的作用。但近年来随着林业政策的调整和木材经营效益的提高,一些地方蚕食、侵占甚至哄抢国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区的现象时有发生,且有不断蔓延的趋势,严重影响了国有林场、国有林业采育场正常的生产经营秩序和林区的安定稳定。为贯彻落实《中共福建省委 福建省人民政府关于加快林业发展建设绿色海峡西岸的决定》,确保林区的安定稳定。经研究,决定调整林地使用费计提标准,切实维护林地所有者的合法权益,以稳定国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区。现就有关事项通知如下:
一、兼顾双方利益,合理调整林地使用费
根据《福建省人民政府关于稳定山权林权若干具体政策的规定》和《福建省森林条例》的有关规定,结合我省现行的林地地租水平,在充分考虑林地所有者利益和国有林场、国有林业采育场经营状况的基础上,对林地使用费的计提标准和支付方式作如下调整:
(一)林地使用费的计提以林价为计算基准,林价标准按《中共福建省委 福建省人民政府关于巩固绿化成果、发展绿色产业、建设林业强省的决定》(闽委发〔1995〕21号)的规定执行,即“每立方米林价:杉木和特类杂木为160元;甲类杂木为120元;松木和乙类杂木为90元;丙类杂木为70元;等外材、非规格材按同类的70%计算”。
(二)用材林主伐时按所产木材提取的林价款的30%支付林地使用费;间伐材折半支付,即按前述标准计算的林地使用费的50%支付。林地使用费应在木材生产的当年一次性支付。
(三)经济林、竹林投产后,按不低于同类林地的杉木30年主伐期林价款的30%测算林地使用费总量,逐年支付。其中经济林也可参照上述规定视其产出效益情况由国有林场、国有林业采育场与林地所有者协商支付标准,逐年支付。
(四)有条件的地方可以通过试点的方式,积极探索将现有林地使用费的计提、支付方式改变为按林地面积、按地类、按年支付地租的方式,确保林地所有者有稳定的收入,实现场、村利益的共赢。
二、坚持以民为本,切实维护林地所有者的合法权益
林地是林区农民重要的生产资料。国有林场、国有林业采育场应按上述林地使用费的计提标准,及时、足额向林地所有者支付林地使用费,弥补林地所有者拨交林地的损失,切实维护林地所有者的合法权益,确保林区的安定稳定。
(一)国有林场、国有林业采育场应真实公开林地所有者拨交经营的林地上所生产木材的数量,主动与林地所有者联系沟通,自觉接受林地所有者的监督。
(二)国有林场、国有林业采育场在转让集体拨交的林地之前,应先征得林地所有者的同意。
(三)各级林业主管部门要加强监督管理,采取有力措施,确保国有林场、国有林业采育场按时足额支付林地使用费。对故意拖延、克扣林地使用费的单位,要追究主要负责人和相关责任人的责任。
三、强化工作措施,确保国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区稳定和林区长治久安
各级政府和有关部门要认真贯彻执行有关法律、法规和规章,加强组织领导,强化工作措施,落实相关政策,共同维护国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区的长期稳定和林区的长治久安。
(一)各级政府要将稳定国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区工作列入当地社会经济发展的重要内容,摆上政府工作议程。要本着“尊重历史,维持现状、有利经营、保持稳定”的原则,正确处理场、村矛盾,依法维护国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区稳定。坚决制止蚕食、侵占、哄抢国有林场、国有林业采育场经营区的违法行为。
(二)对国有林场、国有林业采育场支付的林地使用费的分配和使用,林地所有者应根据《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》的规定,提交村民会议或者村民代表会议讨论决定,并将大部分林地使用费分配给村民个人,以确保广大村民能从林地使用费中获得直接的利益。
本通知规定自2005年1月1日起执行。
福建省人民政府
二○○五年二月十八日
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MERCHANT SHIPPING (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ORDINANCE ——附加英文版
MERCHANT SHIPPING (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 413)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
ion
I PRELIMINARY
hort title
nterpretation
II REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
egulations for the prevention and control of pollution
enalty for taking detained ship to sea
III SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION
pplication of Part III
hipping casualties
irections; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or
damage
ffences in relation to section 6
ervice of directions under section 6
Enforcement of fines
Saving of rights of action, etc.
IV SAVINGS, AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS
Savings, amendments and repeals
dule. (Omitted)
rdinance to provide for the prevention and control of pollution
from
s and for incidental or related matters.
January 1991] L. N. 14 of 1991
PART I PRELIMINARY
hort title
Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping
(Prevention and
rol of Pollution) Ordinance.
nterpretation
his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
trol" includes contain and reduce;
ector" means the Director of Marine;
charge" means any release, howsoever caused, from a ship and
includes
escape, disposal, spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or
emptying;
does not include--
dumping within the meaning of the Convention on the
Prevention of
ne Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter signed in
London on
ovember 1972; or
any release directly arising from the exploration,
exploitation and
ciated off-shore processing of sea-bed mineral resources; or
any release for the purposes of legitimate scientific research
into
ution abatement or control;
g Kong ship" means--
a ship registered in Hong Kong; and
a vessel required to be licensed under Part IV of the Shipping
and
Control Ordinance (Cap. 313);
" means oil of any description and includes spirit produced from
oil
ny description and also includes coal tar;
p" means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the
marine
ronment and includes a hydrofoil, hovercraft, submersible or
floating
t and a fixed or floating platform.
PART II REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
egulations for the prevention and control of pollution
In this section--
vention" means the International Convention for the
Prevention of
ution from Ships (including its protocols, annexes and
appendices)
h constitutes Attachment 1 to the Final Act of the
International
erence on Marine Pollution signed in London on 2 November
1973, as
fied by any international agreement referred to in subsection (2)
(b)
);
tocol" means the Protocol (including the annex thereto)
relating to
Convention which constitutes Attachment 2 to the Final Act
of the
rnational Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention
signed
ondon on 17 February 1978, as modified by any international
agreement
rred to in subsection (2) (b) (iii); "substance other
than oil"
udes sewage and garbage of any kind.
The Governor in Council may make regulations--
relating to the prevention or control of pollution of the sea or
other
rs by oil, or any substance other than oil, from ships; and
for giving effect to--
the Convention;
the Protocol; and
) any other international agreement (whether made by
resolution or
rwise) which relates to the prevention or control of pollution
of the
or other waters by oil, or any substance other than oil, from
ships
which applies to Hong Kong, including any agreement which
modifies any
r such agreement.
Regulations made under this section may be expressed to apply--
to Hong Kong ships, wherever they may be; and
to other ships while they are within the waters of Hong Kong.
Regulations made under this section may provide that the
regulations,
ny provisions thereof, shall come into force on a date
specified in
regulations which is earlier than the date on which the
international
ement to which the regulations relate comes into force.
Without limiting the generality of subsection (2),
regulations made
r this section may include provisions--
for the approval of documents, the appointment of
surveyors, the
ying out of surveys and inspections and the rendering
of other
ices for the purposes of the regulations, whether in Hong
Kong or
where, and for the issue, duration, effect and
recognition of
ificates for those purposes;
for the keeping, carriage and inspection of record books and
other
rds of operations involving oil, or any substance other than oil,
on
d ships;
for the prohibition, regulation and control of the
loading and
iage on board ships, and the unloading or discharge from ships,
of oil
ny substance other than oil and for procedures relating thereto;
for the design and construction of, and the equipment and fittings
on
d, ships carrying oil or any substance other than oil;
for the compulsory reporting of incidents involving pollution
or the
at of pollution for the purpose of giving effect to Protocol I
visions concerning reports on incidents involving harmful
substances)
he Convention;
for the payment of fees (whether prescribed under this Ordinance,
the
hant Shipping Ordinance (Cap. 281) or otherwise) in respect
of any
ey, inspection, certificate, service or other matter provided
for by
regulations;
that contraventions of the regulations shall be offences
punishable by
lties not exceeding--
on conviction upon indictment, a fine of $5,000,000 and, in the
case
n individual, imprisonment for 2 years;
on summary conviction, a fine of $500,000;
that in the case of any such contravention an offence is committed
by-
the master and the owner of the ship concerned; and
where the contravention is due to the act or omission of
another
on, that person;
for denying entry of any ship to the waters of Hong Kong in respect
of
h any such contravention is believed to have occurred;
for detaining any ship in respect of which any such
contravention is
eved to have occurred and for notifying the relevant consular
officer
any) of the detention and of any proceedings against the ship;
and
for the admission of prescribed or specified documents and
certified
es of documents as evidence in legal proceedings,
the regulations may--
make different provisions for different circumstances or in
relation
ifferent classes or descriptions of ships;
provide for exemptions from any provisions of the
regulations in
ect of different classes or descriptions of ships;
) provide for the granting by the Director, on such terms (if any)
as
ay specify, of exemptions from any provisions of the
regulations in
ect of any ship, or class or description of ships, and
for the
ration or cancellation of any such exemption;
provide for the approval by the Director of equivalent
fittings,
pment or procedures as alternatives to those prescribed;
provide for the delegation of powers exercisable and
functions
ormable by virtue of the regulations;
provide for the application of the regulations to the Crown; and
) include such incidental, supplemental and transitional
provisions as
ar to the Governor in Council to be expedient for the purposes
of the
lations.
Any fees prescribed under this Ordinance--
may be fixed at levels which provide for the recovery of
expenditure
rred or likely to be incurred by the Government or other authority
in
tion generally to the administration, regulation and control of
Hong
ships and of ports, ships and navigation in the waters of Hong
Kong,
shall not be limited by reference to the amount of
administrative or
r costs incurred or likely to be incurred in the provision
of any
icular service, facility or matter; and
may, without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a), be
fixed at
erent amounts in relation to different sizes of ship, whether
measured
onnage, length or otherwise, or in relation to different
classes,
s or descriptions of service, facility or ship.
enalty for taking detained ship to sea
Where a ship is authorized or ordered to be detained under
regulations
under this Part, and after such detention or after service on
the
er of any notice of or order for such detention, the ship proceeds
or
mpts to proceed to sea before having been released by a
competent
ority, the master of the ship commits an offence and is liable
to a
of $500,000 and to imprisonment for 2 years; and if the
owner or
t or any person who sends the ship to sea is party or privy to
the
nce he also commits an offence and is liable to the same
punishment.
Where a ship proceeds to sea in contravention of subsection (1)
whilst
ng on board a public officer who is acting in the execution of
his
, the master and owner of the ship--
in addition to any punishment to which they may be liable
under
ection (1), both commit an offence against this subsection
and are
liable to imprisonment for 6 months and to a fine of $20,000 and
an
tional fine of $1,000 for each day during the period from the date
on
h the ship proceeded to sea until the date on which the
officer
rns to Hong Kong or, if he does not return directly to Hong
Kong,
d have returned if he had travelled by the quickest practicable
route;
are jointly and severally liable to pay to the Government all
expenses
dental to the taking of the officer to sea and to securing his
return
ong Kong.
Expenses referred to in subsection (2) (b) may be recovered as
if they
a fine imposed by a magistrate.
PART III SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION
pplication of Part III
Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this Part shall apply in
relation
ll ships whether within or outside the waters of Hong Kong.
As respects a ship which--
is not a Hong Kong ship; and
is for the time being outside the waters of Hong Kong,
power conferred on the governor by section 6 (2) to give
directions
only be exercised in relation to--
an individual who is a British citizen, a British
Dependent
itories citizen, a British Overseas citizen or who under the Hong
Kong
tish Nationality) Order 1986 (App. III, p. EG1) is a British
National
rseas); or
a body corporate which is established under the laws of Hong
Kong,
section 8 (2) shall apply to such an individual or body
corporate
.
No direction under section 6 (2) shall apply to any vessel
of Her
sty's navy or to any ship not forming part of Her Majesty's navy
which
ngs to Her Majesty or is held by any person on behalf of or for
the
fit of the Crown in right of Her Majesty's Government in the
United
dom or Her Majesty's Government in Hong Kong, and no action shall
be
n under section 6 (4) or (5) as respects any such vessel or ship.
hipping casualties
The powers conferred by this section may be exercised where--
an accident has occurred to or in a ship; and
in the opinion of the Governor--
oil, or any substance other than oil, from the ship will or may
cause
ution on a large scale in Hong Kong or in the waters of Hong Kong;
if the ship is one referred to in section 5 (2), the
danger of
ution is grave and imminent; and
) the exercise of the powers conferred by this section is
urgently
ed.
For the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the
risk of
ution, the Governor may give directions as respects the ship or
its
o--
to the owner of the ship, or to any person in possession or control
of
ship; or
to the master of the ship; or
to any salvor in possession of the ship, or to any person who is
the
ant or agent of any such salvor, and who is in charge of the
relevant
age operation.
Directions under subsection (2) may require the person to whom
they
given to take, or refrain from taking, any action of
any kind
soever, and without limiting the generality of the
foregoing the
ctions may require--
that the ship is to be, or is not to be, moved--
to or from a specified place, area or locality;
over a specified route; or
that any oil or other cargo is to be, or is not to be, unloaded
or
harged; or
that specified salvage measures are to be, or are not to be, taken.
If in the opinion of the Governor the powers conferred by
subsection
are, or have proved to be, inadequate for the purpose, the
Governor
for the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the risk
of
ution, take, as respects the ship or its cargo, any action of any
kind
soever, and without limiting the generality of the
foregoing the
rnor may--
do anything he has power to require to be done by a direction
under
ection (2);
cause operations to be undertaken for the sinking or
destruction of
ship, or any part of it, of a kind which is not within the means
of
person to whom he may give such a direction;
cause operations to be undertaken which involve taking over
control of
ship.
The powers of the Governor under subsection (4) may also be
exercised
uch persons as may be authorized in that behalf by the Governor.
A person concerned in complying with directions given, or in
action
n, under this section shall use his best endeavours to avoid risk
to
n life.
Nothing in this section shall derogate from or affect any
right or
r of the Government existing apart from this section whether
under
rnational law or otherwise.
Any action taken as respects a ship which is under arrest
or as
ects the cargo of such a ship, being action taken under a
direction
n under subsection (2), or under subsection (4) or (5)--
does not constitute contempt of court; and
shall not constitute a ground or cause of action in legal
proceedings
ituted against the Government.
In this section--
ident" includes the loss, stranding, abandonment of or damage
to a
; "any substance other than oil" means--
any substance specified in an order made under subsection (10);
and
any other substance which is liable to create a hazard to
human
th, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage
amenities or
nterfere with other legitimate uses of the sea;
cified", in relation to a direction under subsection (2),
means
ified in the direction.
The Governor may, by order published in the Gazette,
specify any
tance for the purposes of the definition of "any substance other
than
in subsection (9).
irections; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or
damage
If any action taken under a direction under section 6 (2), or
under
ion 6 (4) or (5)--
was not reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce pollution or,
as may
ppropriate, the risk of pollution; or
was such that the good it did or was likely to
do was
roportionately less than the expense incurred, or damage suffered,
as
sult of the action,
rson incurring expense or suffering damage as a result of the
action,
f himself having taken the action, shall be entitled to
claim and
ver compensation from the Government.
In determining whether subsection (1) applies in a particular
case,
unt shall be taken of--
the extent and risk of pollution if the action had not been taken;
the likelihood of the action being effective; and
the extent of the damage which has been caused by the action.
Any reference in this section to the taking of any action
includes a
rence to a compliance with a direction not to take some
specified
on.
ffences in relation to section 6
A person to whom a direction is given under section 6 (2) who fails
to
ly with any requirement of the direction, commits an offence.
A person who wilfully obstructs any person who is--
acting on behalf of the Governor in connection with the
giving or
ice of a direction under section 6 (2);
acting in compliance with such a direction; or
acting under subsection (4) or (5) of that section,
its an offence.
In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it shall
be a
nce for the accused to prove that--
he used all due diligence to secure compliance with the direction;
or
he had reasonable cause for believing that such compliance would
have
lved a serious risk to human life.
A person who commits an offence under this section is liable-
-
on conviction upon indictment, to a fine of $5,000,000;
on summary conviction, to a fine of $500,000.
ervice of directions under section 6
If the Governor is satisfied that a company or other body
corporate is
one to which section 338 or 356 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.
32)
ies so as to authorize the service of a direction on that body
under
er of those sections, he may give a direction under section 6 (2)--
to that body, as the owner of, or the person in possession or
control
a ship, by serving the direction on the master of the ship; or
to that body, as a salvor, by serving the direction on the person
in
ge of the salvage operations.
For the purpose of giving or serving a direction under section
6 (2)
r on any person on a ship, a person acting on behalf of the
Governor
l have the right to go on board the ship.
Enforcement of fines
e a fine imposed in proceedings against the owner or master of
a ship
an offence under this Part is not paid at the time ordered by
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王瑜
2010年1月14日北京市第一中级人民法院对“解百纳”商标争议案件做出一审判决,标志者张裕公司在“解百纳”商标保卫战中这个回合落败。当然张裕公司还有法律上的程序可以去争取,最终是否能确保“解百纳”商标为张裕公司所有还未可知。
“解百纳”商标保卫战作为一个商标案件非常具有典型意义。该案件从张裕公司向国家商标局提出商标申请,到2010年1月北京市第一中级人民法院的一审判决,前后历时八年,几乎将商标申请过程中所涉及的程序都走了一遍。《国家知识产权战略纲要》将知识产权工作划分为四个部分:创造、应用、保护、管理,该案件也全部涉及。企业的商标创造主要体现在商标取名和规划上,“解百纳”作为葡萄酒的商标,是一个非常好的名字,其文字内涵体现了张裕公司深厚的文化底蕴。我国企业一般不注重商标的应用,甚至连最起码的商标使用标志○R都没有。好的商标应用方式对商标的宣传推广具有事半功倍的效果,而应用不当则可能将商标断送,“JEEP/吉普”、“席梦思”、“氟氯昂”等商标就是因为应用问题淡化为商品的通用名称,而“解百纳”陷入通用名称之争与张裕公司应用不当有直接关系。谈到商标保护人们往往狭隘地认为是对商标权利的保护,对侵权行为的打击,在张裕公司与长城、王朝为代表的诉讼中,各方博弈的是“解百纳”背后的市场利益,胜则享有“解百纳”产品的市场盛宴,败者退席。这是一个企业与一个行业的利益之争,在这种复合的多次博弈中,是选择合作还是背叛?体现出一个企业战略抉择水平。对商标的管理我国企业也很薄弱,甚至连最起码的商标登记都没有,没有人知道公司到底有多少个商标。据报道张裕公司招聘了大量法律人才参与“解百纳”保卫战,张裕公司也取得了几次漂亮的阶段性胜利,但是对于知名商标的管理需要全方位的思考,需要战略高度的管理才能使商标为企业带来商业利益的最大化。尽管张裕公司在“解百纳”商标保卫战中表现出商标诉讼策略的高明,但是纵观整个过程可以看出该公司对商标制度理解不深入,缺乏战略性思维。张裕公司是中国葡萄酒行业的龙头老大,是大型企业,一般的中小企业对商标制度的理解以及实际应用可想而知。
《国家知识产权战略纲要》自2008年发布以来,各省市都在制定自己的战略,并积极推行。在以知识产权局为主导的知识产权战略实施过程中,作为知识产权的重要组成部分——商标显然受到了冷落。各种知识产权培训在全国各地如火如荼展开,涉及商标的不多,商标也被学者冷落,有关商标方面的论著很少。因而我国企业应当加强对商标的学习。
注:笔者一直关注“解百纳”案件,先后发表《保卫“解百纳”,不可能的胜利》、《如何打赢解百纳保卫战》、《从解百纳之争看通用名称的判断》、《从解百纳之争谈商标战略思维》等文章。
作者:王律师,中国知识产权研究会高级会员
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